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Sad News Hits Ethiopian Medical Community:
Ethiopian medical community lost Professor Edemariam Tsega.
Edemariam Tsega was a well-known Professor both in Ethiopia and Canada.Before coming to Canada in the late 1990’s, Professor Edemariam had taught at Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty. Edemariam is well known for being the first people who single handedly establish the first residency training program in Ethiopia. As an excellent leader and researcher in the field of medicine, his life had been dedicated to the success of health care system in Ethiopia. Professor Edemariam was an exceptional clinician, a humanitarian and a man of integrity He will be greatly missed.
He also played major leadership roles in establishing medical and nursing schools in Ethiopia.
Professor Edemariam was a former clinical professor of medicine at Memorial University in Newfoundland and professor emeritus of medicine at McMaster University. Before moving to Canada in the late 1990’s, Professor Edemariam had taught at Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty. Edemariam is well known for being the first people who single handedly establish the first residency training program in Ethiopia. He also played major leadership roles in establishing medical and nursing schools in Ethiopia. As an excellent leader and researcher in the field of medicine, his life had been dedicated to the success of health care system in Ethiopia. Professor Edemariam was an exceptional clinician, a humanitarian and a man of integrity he will be greatly missed. Professor Edemariam was a former clinical professor of medicine at Memorial University in Newfoundland and professor emeritus of medicine at McMaster University.
Education and Professional Standing
Before his passing away Professor Edemariam was working as a full time Professor of Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, since September 2001 and as Professor Emeritus since July, 2005. After obtaining a BSc degree from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, MD, CM, FRCP© from McGill University, Canada, DCMT(L) from the London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, UK, Diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine, USA, Tsega returned to Ethiopia and worked in the Faculty Medicine, Addis Ababa University, for 23 years as physician (Professor of Medicine, 1986), clinical researcher, and administrator, including as Dean of the Medical School. During this time, he also obtained PhD in Clinical Virology from Lund University, Sweden.
Honours and awards:
The Frederick Mergatroyed Prize, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene;
Blue Nile Medal, Ethiopian National Award for Scientific Achievement;
Distinguished Scientist, Addis Ababa University; Visiting Scientist Award, World Health Organization, Geneva; Visiting Professorship, Third World Academy of Sciences.
Fellowship: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada;
the American Medical Association;
The African Academy of Sciences;
and The Third World Academy of Sciences.
Selected Publications
Tsega E. Viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease in Ethiopia: Epidemiological and clinical aspects. Thesis with 8 original published articles, 1991; pp 1-156.
Tsega E, Horton J, Nordenfelt E, et al. Antibody levels in Ethiopian children five years after vaccination with two different doses of hepatitis B vaccine: Is there a need for booster vaccine? Can J Gastroenterol 1998; 12: 57-60.
Tsega E, Gebre W, Hathaway A, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in Ethiopian patients with dyspepsia. Ethiop Med J 1996; 34; 145-152.
Tsega E. Long-term effect of high dose , short course chloroquine therapy on porphyria cutanea tarda. Quart J Med 1987; 65: 953-957.
Tsega E. The Liver in Principles of Medicine in Africa (Chapter); 3rd ed., Edited by Parry E, Godfrey R, Mabey D and Gill, G. Cambridge University Press. 2004; 991-1025.
The battle of Adwa of 1 March 1896 was a stunning victory for Ethiopia but a rout and a disaster for Italy. Adwa – the story of Africans seeing to their own freedom – played out against a background of almost unrelenting European expansion into Africa. The success of Ethiopia’s forces assured that Ethiopia would be the only African country successfully to resist European colonization before 1914. It also resonated powerfully in post-Emancipation America where hierarchies of race and ethnicity were only beginning a process of challenge and renegotiation.
Italian interest in East Africa dates from 1869, when the opening of the Suez Canal transformed the commercial and strategic significance of the Red Sea coast. An official Italian presence didn’t begin until they established themselves at the Red Sea port of Massawa in 1885, after which the Italians began to move up into what are now the Eritrean highlands. Ethiopian commanders sought to halt the Italian advance, with some notable successes, but the Italians artfully played on rivalries among Ethiopian leaders. By 1890, the Italians had secured control over a significant territory west and south of Massawa; they announced the creation of the colony of Eritrea, with a capital at Asmara.
The Italians continued to push westward, into the Sudan, and southward, toward the northern Ethiopian province of Tigray. In late 1894 Ras Mangasha, the ruler of Tigray, used the pretext of war against the Dervishes to mobilize forces to resist Italian incursions. In a series of victories in early 1895, the Italians defeated Mangasha’s forces. They pursued Mangasha deep into northern Ethiopia, establishing fortified positions in Tigray and Agamay provinces – vastly expanding the territory under Italian control.
The population of Tigray and Agamay appeared, for a time, to accept Italian rule. Back in Rome, the Italian commander Oreste Baratieri was feted as an Italian hero.
In September of 1895, Menelik, king of the southern province of Shoa, called the population of Ethiopia to arms. He began to lead a massive force of some 100,000 men northward toward the Italian-occupied territories. Through late 1895 and into the early months of 1896, Menelik led a brilliant campaign that forced the overextended Italians to fight on his terms. By threatening to outflank the Italian forces and threaten Eritrea, Menelik maneuvered the Italians into a position that left their supply lines exposed, vulnerable to a population that was now turning against the occupiers.
General Baratieri was reluctant to attack Menelik’s army in the open field. Recognizing that he had been outmaneuvered, he believed that tactical retreat was his best option. Some of Baratieri’s officers argued forcefully against retreat, citing spy reports to the effect that Menelik’s forces were demoralized and depleted. Baratieri agreed to a plan that called for his army of some 15,000 to advance under cover of night and occupy forward positions, a move that would have forced Menelik to lose face if he declined to attack Italian forces holding strong defensive positions.
The advance took place at night on the 29th of February. By dawn, the Italians were to have been securely established in the Ethiopian passes, inviting attack. Instead, one Italian brigade overshot its rendezvous point and virtually marched into the Ethiopian camp. A second Italian brigade sent to cover the retreat of the first got caught up in a separate engagement. Menelik’s forces were able to defeat these brigades and the main Italian force in three separate combats. By the afternoon of 1 March 1896, Italian forces were in a desperate, panicked retreat back toward Eritrea.
Victory at Adwa sealed the unification of Ethiopia and solidified Menelik’s claim to the title of Emperor. Europeans and European-Americans interpreted the story of Adwa in different ways. For some, it was an opportunity to discredit Italy militarily. For others, it was important to advance the view that the Ethiopians were not black, thus explaining away the significance of white and European defeat.
Ethiopian victory secured independence for more than a generation. It also assured Ethiopia’s status as a beacon throughout the African Diaspora.
Sources:
George Berkeley, The Campaign of Adowa and the Rise of Menelik (New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969). (Reprint of 1902 edition); Bruce Vandervort, Wars of Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830-1914, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989; Harold G. Marcus, A History of Ethiopia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994); Raymond Jonas, The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011).
Prominent Ethiopian opposition politician Yiligal Getinet with Abebe Belew – Addis Dimts on Mereja TVProminent Ethiopian opposition politician Yelekal Getenet with Abebe Belew – Addis Dimts on Mereja TV
Posted by Mereja.com on Thursday, May 16, 2019